Chapter 2. Fundamental Models

In this chapter, a methodology for developing dynamic models of chemical processes is presented. After studying this chapter, the reader should be able to do the following:

• Write balance equations using the integral or instantaneous methods

• Incorporate appropriate constitutive relationships into the equations

• Determine the state, input, and output variables and the parameters for a particular model (set of equations)

• Determine the necessary information to solve a system of dynamic equations

• Linearize a set of nonlinear equations to find the state space model

The major sections of this chapter are as follows:

2.1 Background

2.2 Balance Equations

2.3 Material Balances

2.4 Constitutive Relationships

2.5 Material and Energy Balances

2.6 Form of Dynamic Models

2.7 Linear Models and Deviation Variables

2.8 Summary